HTML Symbol Entities
Some characters are reserved and have special meaning in HTML. Such as less than (<) which is the beginning of the HTML tags. If need the browser to display these characters correctly, we must entry character entities in the HTML source code.
Character entity has three parts: an ampersand (&), an entity name, or # and an entity number, and a semicolon (;).
If we want to display less than in HTML, we need to enter < (entity name) or < (entity number). Among the entity list, we can use a lot of symbol entities in layout design.
The advantage to use the entity name is very easier to remember, and the disadvantage is that not all browsers support the newest entity names. However, almost all browsers have good support on the entity number.
Note: The entities are case sensitive.
This entity reference includes Greek characters, Mathematical Symbols, Currency Symbols, various arrows, General punctuation, technical symbols and shapes.
Mathematical Symbols Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| ∀ | ∀ | ∀ | for all |
| ∂ | ∂ | ∂ | partial differential |
| ∃ | ∃ | ∂ | there exists |
| ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | empty set |
| ∇ | ∇ | ∇ | nabla |
| ∈ | ∈ | ∈ | element of |
| ∉ | ∉ | ∉ | not an element of |
| ∋ | ∋ | ∋ | contains as member |
| ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | n-ary product |
| ∑ | ∑ | ∑; | n-ary sumation |
| − | − | − | minus sign |
| ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | asterisk operator |
| √ | √ | √ | square root |
| ∝ | ∝ | ∝ | proportional to |
| ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | infinity |
| ∠ | ∠ | ∠ | angle |
| ∧ | ∧ | ∧ | logical and = wedge |
| ∨ | ∨ | ∨ | logical or = vee |
| ∩ | ∩ | ∩ | intersection = cap |
| ∪ | ∪ | ∪ | union = cup |
| ∫ | ∫ | ∫ | integral |
| ∴ | ∴ | ∴ | therefore |
| ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | tilde operator = varies with = similar to |
| ≅ | ≅ | ≅ | approximately equal to |
| ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | almost equal to = asymptotic to |
| ≠ | ≠ | ≠ | not equal to |
| ≡ | ≡ | ≡ | identical to |
| ≤ | ≤ | ≤ | less-than or equal to |
| ≥ | ≥ | ≥ | greater-than or equal to |
| ⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂; | subset of |
| ⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | superset of |
| ⊄ | ⊄ | ⊄ | not a subset of |
| ⊆ | ⊆ | ⊆ | subset of or equal to |
| ⊇ | ⊇ | ⊇ | superset of or equal to |
| ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | circled plus = direct sum |
| ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | circled times = vector product |
| ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular |
| ⋅ | ⋅ | ⋅ | dot operator |
Greek Letters Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| Α | Α | Α | greek capital letter alpha |
| Β | Β | Β | greek capital letter beta |
| Γ | Γ | Γ | greek capital letter gamma |
| Δ | Δ | Δ | greek capital letter delta |
| Ε | Ε | Ε | greek capital letter epsilon |
| Ζ | Ζ | Ζ | greek capital letter zeta |
| Η | Η | Η | greek capital letter eta |
| Θ | Θ | Θ | greek capital letter theta |
| Ι | Ι | Ι | greek capital letter iota |
| Κ | Κ | Κ | greek capital letter kappa |
| Λ | Λ | Λ | greek capital letter lambda |
| Μ | Μ | Μ | greek capital letter mu |
| Ν | Ν | Ν | greek capital letter nu |
| Ξ | Ξ | Ξ | greek capital letter xi |
| Ο | Ο | Ο | greek capital letter omicron |
| Π | Π | Π | greek capital letter pi |
| Ρ | Ρ | Ρ | greek capital letter rho |
| Σ | Σ | Σ | greek capital letter sigma |
| Τ | Τ | Τ | greek capital letter tau |
| Υ | Υ | Υ | greek capital letter upsilon |
| Φ | Φ | Φ | greek capital letter phi |
| Χ | Χ | Χ | greek capital letter chi |
| Ψ | Ψ | Ψ | greek capital letter psi |
| Ω | Ω | Ω | greek capital letter omega |
| α | α | α | greek small letter alpha |
| β | β | β | greek small letter beta |
| γ | γ | γ | greek small letter gamma |
| δ | δ | δ | greek small letter delta |
| ε | ε | ε | greek small letter epsilon |
| ζ | ζ | ζ | greek small letter zeta |
| η | η | η | greek small letter eta |
| θ | θ | θ | greek small letter theta |
| ι | ι | ι | greek small letter iota |
| κ | κ | κ | greek small letter kappa |
| λ | λ | λ | greek small letter lambda |
| μ | μ | μ | greek small letter mu |
| ν | ν | ν | greek small letter nu |
| ξ | ξ | ξ | greek small letter xi |
| ο | ο | ο | greek small letter omicron |
| π | π | π | greek small letter pi |
| ρ | ρ | ρ | greek small letter rho |
| ς | ς | ς | greek small letter final sigma |
| σ | σ | σ | greek small letter sigma |
| τ | τ | τ | greek small letter tau |
| υ | υ | υ | greek small letter upsilon |
| φ | φ | φ | greek small letter phi |
| χ | χ | χ | greek small letter chi |
| ψ | ψ | ψ | greek small letter psi |
| ω | ω | ω | greek small letter omega |
| ϑ | ϑ | ϑ | greek small letter theta symbol |
| ϒ | ϒ | ϒ | greek upsilon with hook symbol |
| ϖ | ϖ | ϖ | greek pi symbol |
Currency Symbols Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | cent sign |
| £ | £ | £ | pound sign |
| ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | currency sign |
| ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | yen sign = yuan sign |
| € | € | € | euro sign |
Arrow Symbols Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| ← | ← | ← | leftwards arrow |
| ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | upwards arrow |
| → | → | → | rightwards arrow |
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | downwards arrow |
| ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | left right arrow |
| ↵ | ↵ | ↵ | downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return |
| ⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | leftwards double arrow |
| ⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ | upwards double arrow |
| ⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | rightwards double arrow |
| ⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ | downwards double arrow |
| ⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | left right double arrow |
General Punctuation Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
|   |   | en space | |
|   |   | em space | |
|   |   | thin space | |
| | ‌ | ‌ | zero width non-joiner |
| | ‍ | ‍ | zero width joine |
| | ‎ | ‎ | left-to-right mark |
| | ‏ | ‏ | right-to-left mark |
| – | – | – | en dash |
| — | — | — | em dash |
| ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | left single quotation mark |
| ’ | ’ | ’ | right single quotation mark |
| ‚ | ‚ | ‚ | single low-9 quotation mark |
| “ | “ | “ | left double quotation mark |
| ” | ” | ” | right double quotation mark |
| „ | „ | „ | double low-9 quotation mark |
| † | † | † | dagger |
| ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | double dagger |
| • | • | • | bullet = black small circle |
| … | … | … | horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader |
| ‰ | ‰ | ‰ | per mille sign |
| ′ | ′ | ′ | prime = minutes = feet |
| ″ | ″ | ″ | double prime = seconds = inches |
| ‹ | ‹ | ‹ | single left-pointing angle quotation mark |
| › | › | › | single right-pointing angle quotation mark |
| ‾ | ‾ | ‾ | overline = spacing overscore |
| ⁄ | ⁄ | ⁄ | fraction slash |
Letterlike Symbols Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| ℑ | ℑ | ℑ | blackletter capital I = imaginary part |
| ℘ | ℘ | ℘ | script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p |
| ℜ | ℜ | ℜ | blackletter capital R = real part symbol |
| ™ | ™ | ™ | trade mark sign |
| ℵ | ℵ | ℵ | alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal |
Miscellaneous Technical Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| ⌈ | ⌈ | ⌈ | eft ceiling = apl upstile |
| ⌉ | ⌉ | ⌉ | right ceiling |
| ⌊ | ⌊ | ⌊ | left floor = apl downstile |
| ⌋ | ⌋ | ⌋ | right floor |
Miscellaneous Symbols Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| ♠ | ♠ | ♠ | black spade suit |
| ♣ | ♣ | ♣ | black club suit = shamrock |
| ♥ | ♥ | ♥ | black heart suit = valentine |
| ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | black diamond suit |
Latin Extended-A Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| Π| Π| Π| latin capital ligature OE |
| œ | œ | œ | latin small ligature oe |
| Š | Š | Š | latin capital letter S with caron |
| š | š | š | latin small letter s with caron |
| Ÿ | Ÿ | Ÿ | latin capital letter Y with diaeresis |
Latin Extended-B Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | latin small f with hook |
Spacing Modifier Letters Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| ˆ | ˆ | ˆ | modifier letter circumflex accent |
| ˜ | ˜ | ˜ | small tilde |
Geometric Shapes Supported by HTML
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| ◊ | ◊ | ◊ | lozenge |